This is the most commonly used calendar in India. This is based on the timing of new Moon. Depending upon Moon's transit over Sun takes place in which sign, the month is named. When new moon is in Aries, the month is Vaishakh, in Taurus it is Jyeshtha etc. Lunar calendar is of two kinds normally :
(i) Closing at full Moon i.e. Purnimanta.
(ii) Closing at New Moon i.e. Amanta.
In Purnimanta the month starts 15 days before the new Moon & ends on full Moon called Puranmasi meaning "month is complete." In Amanta month starts after new moon. The months are named same as in Indian National Calendar and they start within 15 days before or after, of starting of months in Indian National Calendar.
Since the speed of Moon is variable and it can cross over Sun at any degree. New moon may sometimes occur twice in the same Rashi or may not occur at all in some rashi. This gives formation of Adhik & Kshay Mah respectively. In case of Adhik month; the two months are named as first and the other as second. Shukla Paksh of the first and Krishna Paksh of the second are called the adhik month, which is normally avoided in most muhurthas. In case of kshay month, one month is divided into two Pakshas and each month is assigned one Paksh. The first month having Krishna Paksh is called Kshay Mah and the other is termed normal Mah. On the average year as 29.53 x 12 = 354.36 days, which is less by 11 days compared to earth's cycle. Thus in every three years there is an Adhik Mah to cover the gap of these 11 days. Kshay Mah occuse rarely. After before Kshay Mah Adhik Mah occurs invariably. The start of month or day is taken from Sun rise. Because of variable Moon. speed two tithis may fall between two sunrises and sometimes it may not fall even once. This gives rise to formation of Adhik and Kshay tithis.
(i) Closing at full Moon i.e. Purnimanta.
(ii) Closing at New Moon i.e. Amanta.
In Purnimanta the month starts 15 days before the new Moon & ends on full Moon called Puranmasi meaning "month is complete." In Amanta month starts after new moon. The months are named same as in Indian National Calendar and they start within 15 days before or after, of starting of months in Indian National Calendar.
Since the speed of Moon is variable and it can cross over Sun at any degree. New moon may sometimes occur twice in the same Rashi or may not occur at all in some rashi. This gives formation of Adhik & Kshay Mah respectively. In case of Adhik month; the two months are named as first and the other as second. Shukla Paksh of the first and Krishna Paksh of the second are called the adhik month, which is normally avoided in most muhurthas. In case of kshay month, one month is divided into two Pakshas and each month is assigned one Paksh. The first month having Krishna Paksh is called Kshay Mah and the other is termed normal Mah. On the average year as 29.53 x 12 = 354.36 days, which is less by 11 days compared to earth's cycle. Thus in every three years there is an Adhik Mah to cover the gap of these 11 days. Kshay Mah occuse rarely. After before Kshay Mah Adhik Mah occurs invariably. The start of month or day is taken from Sun rise. Because of variable Moon. speed two tithis may fall between two sunrises and sometimes it may not fall even once. This gives rise to formation of Adhik and Kshay tithis.
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